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Contaminated land can be seriously hazardous to the health of the public, and can also become a serious financial liability for local Councils and businesses. Usual examples of contaminated land can be found in and around areas where there has been heavy industrial activity, a former waste dumping or processing area, a place where industrial scale farming activities have taken place, or in residential areas where lead based paints, dry cleaning, chemicals, oils or petroleum products have been widely used.

Laws that relate to contaminated land disputes or issues may include the following:

  • Contaminated Land Management Act 1997 (NSW);
  • Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1997 (NSW);
  • Environmentally Hazardous Chemicals Act 1985 (NSW);
  • Pesticides Act 1999 (NSW);
  • Protection of the Environment (Operations) Act 1997 (NSW);
  • State Environmental Planning Policy No. 55 – Remediation of Land;

The scheme established under the Contaminated Land Management Act 1997 places the liability for contamination on the person or company causing the pollution. The term “contamination” is defined under the Act and that definition must be applied to the facts of each case before a polluter’s liability can be determined. “Remediation” too, is defined under the Act, and this involves removing, dispersing, destroying, reducing or mitigating the effects of the hazardous or contaminating agent from the land.

Other than individual councils, the Environmental Protection Authority (herein the “EPA”) may also need to be dealt with in relation to land that has been or may be contaminated. The EPA has produced guidelines that land owners, businesses and developers should be familiar with when dealing with land that may be contaminated with certain chemicals or hazardous, agents.

Complaints to the EPA and Liability for Contamination/Pollution

Complaints about polluted or contaminated land can be made to the EPA. Under the guidelines, the EPA is under an obligation to consider and action all complaints, and provides reasons for their determinations. The EPA can then undertake preliminary investigations and issue orders on a person, the owner of the land or its notional owner.

Under the Contaminated Land Management Act 1997 (NSW) those who will be held responsible for polluted and contaminated land will fall under the following categories:

  • The individual that caused the contamination;
  • The individual who engaged in an activity that caused the release of a substance which either  combined with another substance or otherwise converted into a hazardous or polluting substance over time;
  • An individual who is or was the owner of the land and knew or ought reasonably to have known about the possibility or likelihood of contamination occurring but did nothing to stop or mitigate it;
  • An individual who tampers with a container on land and as a consequence releases a contaminating substance onto the land.

It is important to note that there may be a responsibility to notify the EPA in the event that there is any contamination or pollution on the land. Either the owner of the land or a person who is responsible for the contamination must give such notice to the EPA so that the authority can deal with the problem and minimize the risk to the public.

Often, developers are liable for contamination of land where, for example, they acquire land which was once used for the storage of chemicals and then seek to develop it into a daycare centre. This is because the risk of harm is increased in relation to the proposed development and therefore the liability will arise for that developer even though the objective nature of the pollution has not altered.

Navado Lawyers & Solicitors can advise on statutory compliance and assist with merits appeals, judicial review of EPA decisions and related litigation concerning contaminated land.

If you are involved in a dispute concerning contaminated land, its management or remediation, there may be a variety of significant legal considerations to be weighed up so that an appropriate strategy to run your case is set. Our environmental property lawyers have been assisting in this area and have handled advisory and/or litigation matters in this area for many years. 

If you would like to discuss these issues in more detail, you can contact our firm by telephone on (02) 9233 4048 or send an email to info@navado.com.au to arrange a meeting with our solicitors.

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This webpage (and any material or wording appearing on this webpage) is provided for general information purposes only and does not constitute any Legal Advice. It does not take into account your objectives, your instructions or all of the relevant facts and/or circumstances. Navado accepts no responsibility to any person who relies on the information provided on this website. We further refer you to our Disclaimer.

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